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die.net busybox(1) - Linux man page Name BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

Syntax busybox <applet> [arguments…] # or

<applet> [arguments…] # if symlinked Description

BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.

BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIGPREFIX . CONFIGPREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIGPREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIGPREFIX .

Usage BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations.

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering

/bin/busybox ls will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

For example, entering

ln -s /bin/busybox ls ./ls will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command. If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

Common Options Most BusyBox applets support the –help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIGFEATUREVERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.

Commands Currently available applets include:

[, -f Frequency in Hz -l Length in ms -d Delay in ms -r Repetitions -n Start new tone blkid blkid Print UUIDs of all filesystems brctl brctl COMMAND [ BRIDGE [ INTERFACE Manage ethernet bridges.

Commands:

show Show a list of bridges addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off bunzip2 bunzip2 [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ] Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)

Options:

-c Write to standard output -f Force bzcat bzcat FILE Uncompress to stdout

bzip2 bzip2 [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Compress FILE (s) with bzip2 algorithm. When FILE is '-' or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.

Options:

-c Write to standard output -d Decompress -f Force -1..-9 Compression level cal cal [-jy] -e End each line with $ -t Show tabs as ^I -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes chat chat EXPECT [ SEND [ EXPECT [ SEND ...] Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of one or more “expect-send” pairs of strings, each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'

chattr chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v version] files… Change file attributes on an ext2 fs

Modifiers:

    -       Remove attributes
    +       Add attributes
    =       Set attributes

Attributes:

    A       Don't track atime
    a       Append mode only
    c       Enable compress
    D       Write dir contents synchronously
    d       Do not backup with dump
    i       Cannot be modified (immutable)
    j       Write all data to journal first
    s       Zero disk storage when deleted
    S       Write file contents synchronously
    t       Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files
    u       Allow file to be undeleted

Options:

    -R      Recursively list subdirectories
    -v      Set the file's version/generation number

chgrp chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]… GROUP FILE … Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP

Options:

-R Recurse directories -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v Verbose -f Hide errors chmod chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]… FILE … Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst

Options:

-R Recurse directories -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors chown chown [-RhLHPcvf]… OWNER[<.|:>[ GROUP ]] FILE … Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP

Options:

-R Recurse directories -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors chpasswd chpasswd [–md5|–encrypted] Read user:password information from stdin and update /etc/passwd accordingly.

Options:

-e,–encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form -m,–md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES chpst chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR ]

[-/ DIR ] [-n NICE ] [-m BYTES ] [-d BYTES ] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES ] [-c BYTES ] PROG ARGS

Change the process state and run PROG Options:

-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files

              in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file

-/ DIR Chroot to DIR -n NICE Add NICE to nice value -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size -v Verbose -P Create new process group -0 Close standard input -1 Close standard output -2 Close standard error chroot chroot NEWROOT [ PROG [ ARGS ]] Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

chrt chrt [ OPTIONS ] [ PRIO ] [ PID | PROG [ ARGS ]] Manipulate real-time attributes of a process

Options:

-p Operate on pid -r Set scheduling policy to SCHEDRR -f Set scheduling policy to SCHEDFIFO -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER -m Show min and max priorities chvt chvt N Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

cksum cksum FILES … Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES

clear clear Clear screen

cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [ FILE2 [ SKIP1 [ SKIP2 ]]]

Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified Options:

-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)

      for all differing bytes

-s Quiet comm comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2 Compare FILE1 to FILE2 , or to stdin if - is specified

Options:

-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 -3 Suppress lines common to both files cp cp [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE DEST

Copy SOURCE to DEST , or multiple SOURCE (s) to DIRECTORY Options:

-a Same as -dpR -d,-P Preserve links -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default) -p Preserve file attributes if possible -f Force overwrite -i Prompt before overwrite -R,-r Recurse directories -l,-s Create (sym)links cpio cpio -[tiopdmvu] [-F FILE ] [-H newc] Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive Main operation mode:

    -t      List
    -i      Extract
    -o      Create
    -p      Passthrough

Options:

    -d      Make leading directories
    -m      Preserve mtime
    -v      Verbose
    -u      Overwrite
    -F      Input file
    -H      Define format

crond crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR -f Foreground -b Background (default) -S Log to syslog (default) -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 -d Set log level, log to stderr -L Log to file -c Working dir crontab crontab [-c DIR ] [-u USER ] [-ler]|[ FILE ] -c Crontab directory -u User -l List crontab -e Edit crontab -r Delete crontab FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin) cryptpw cryptpw [ OPTIONS ] [ PASSWORD ] [ SALT ] Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

Options:

-P,–password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -m,–method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -S,–salt=SALT cut cut [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]…

Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output Options:

-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST -c LIST Output only characters from LIST -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter -s Output only the lines containing delimiter -f N Print only these fields -n Ignored date date [ OPTIONS ] [+FMT] [ TIME ] Display time (using +FMT), or set time

Options:

[-s] TIME Set time to TIME -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string

              SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
              'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
              time to the indicated precision

-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion Recognized TIME formats: hh:mm[:ss] [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] noerror|sync|fsync] Copy a file with converting and formatting Options: if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ibs=N Read N bytes at a time obs=N Write N bytes at a time count=N Copy only N input blocks skip=N Skip N input blocks seek=N Skip N output blocks conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file conv=noerror Continue after read errors conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824) deallocvt deallocvt [N] Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN delgroup delgroup [ USER ] GROUP Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP deluser deluser USER Delete USER from the system devmem devmem ADDRESS [ WIDTH [ VALUE Read/write from physical address

ADDRESS Address to act upon WIDTH Width (8/16/…) VALUE Data to be written df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE ] [ FILESYSTEM …]

Print filesystem usage statistics Options:

-P POSIX output format -k 1024-byte blocks (default) -m 1M-byte blocks -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) -a Show all filesystems -i Inodes -B SIZE Blocksize dhcprelay dhcprelay CLIENTIFACE[,CLIENTIFACE2…] SERVERIFACE [ SERVERIP ] Relay DHCP requests between clients and server

diff diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL ] [-S FILE ] [-U LINES ] FILE1 FILE2 Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.

Options:

-a Treat all files as text -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes -i Ignore case differences -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header -N Treat absent files as empty -q Output only whether files differ -r Recursively compare subdirectories -S Start with FILE when comparing directories -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary -s Report when two files are the same -t Expand tabs to spaces in output -U Output LINES lines of context -w Ignore all whitespace dirname dirname FILENAME Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

dmesg dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL ] [-s SIZE ] Print or control the kernel ring buffer

Options:

-c Clear ring buffer after printing -n LEVEL Set console logging level -s SIZE Buffer size dnsd dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d] Small static DNS server daemon

Options:

-c Config filename -t TTL in seconds -p Listening port -i Listening ip (default all) -d Daemonize dos2unix dos2unix [ OPTION ] [ FILE ] Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.

Options:

-u dos2unix -d unix2dos du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [ FILE ]…

Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. Options:

-a Show file sizes too -H Follow symlinks on command line -L Follow all symlinks -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N -c Show grand total -l Count sizes many times if hard linked -s Display only a total for each argument -x Skip directories on different filesystems -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) -m Sizes in megabytes -k Sizes in kilobytes (default) dumpkmap dumpkmap > keymap Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output

dumpleases dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE ] Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd

Options:

-f,–file=FILE Leases file to load -r,–remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining -a,–absolute Interpret lease times as expire time echo echo [-neE] [ ARG ...] Print the specified ARGs to stdout

Options:

-n Suppress trailing newline -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab) -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters ed ed

eject eject [-t] [-T] [ DEVICE ] Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)

Options:

-s SCSI device -t Close tray -T Open/close tray (toggle) env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]… [ PROG [ ARGS ]]

Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment Options:

-, -i Start with an empty environment -u Remove variable from the environment envdir envdir dir prog args Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory dir and run PROG

envuidgid envuidgid account prog args Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG

ether-wake ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry.

Options:

-b Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address -i iface Interface to use (default eth0) -p pass Append four or six byte password PW to the packet expand expand [-i] [-t NUM ] [FILE|-] Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output.

Options:

-i,–initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks -t,–tabs=N Tabstops every N chars expr expr EXPRESSION Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.

EXPRESSION may be:

ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ARG1 ⇐ ARG2 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 % ARG2 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING Length of STRING quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if

                      it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                      operator like '/'

(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between ( and ) or null; if ( and ) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0. fakeidentd fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR ] [ STRING ] Provide fake ident (auth) service

Options:

-f Run in foreground -i Inetd mode -w Inetd 'wait' mode -b ADDR Bind to specified address STRING Ident answer string (default is 'nobody') false false Return an exit code of FALSE (1)

fbset fbset [ OPTIONS ] [ MODE ] Show and modify frame buffer settings

fbsplash fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV ] [-i INIFILE ] [-f CMD ] Options:

-s Image -c Hide cursor -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) -i Config file (var=value):

              BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
              BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B

-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)

              commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'

fdflush fdflush DEVICE Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change

fdformat fdformat [-n] DEVICE Format floppy disk

Options:

-n Don't verify after format fdisk fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS ] [-H HEADS ] [-S SECTORS ] [-b SSZ ] DISK Change partition table

Options:

-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors -H HEADS

-S SECTORS find find [ PATH ...] [ EXPRESSION ] Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default EXPRESSION is '-print'

EXPRESSION may consist of:

-follow Dereference symlinks -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies

              tests/actions to command line arguments only

-mindepth N Do not act on first N levels -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,…) -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),

              or exactly (NNN)

-mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),

              or exactly (N) days

-mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),

              or exactly (N) minutes

-newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's -inum N File has inode number N -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) -depth Process directory name after traversing it -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).

              +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N

-print Print (default and assumed) -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than

              newlines

-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the

              matching files

-prune Stop traversing current subtree -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option (EXPR) Group an expression findfs findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID

fold fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH ] [ FILE ] Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to standard output

Options:

-b Count bytes rather than columns -s Break at spaces -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 free free Display the amount of free and used system memory

freeramdisk freeramdisk DEVICE Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk

fsck fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys…] Check and repair filesystems

Options:

-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems -N Don't execute, just show what would be done -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel -R With -A, skip the root filesystem -T Don't show title on startup -V Verbose -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor -t type List of filesystem types to check fsck.minix fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name Check MINIX filesystem

Options:

-l List all filenames -r Perform interactive repairs -a Perform automatic repairs -v Verbose -s Output superblock information -m Show “mode not cleared” warnings -f Force file system check fsync fsync [ OPTIONS ] FILE …Write files' buffered blocks to disk Options:

-d Avoid syncing metadata ftpd ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [ DIR ] FTP server

ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd:

tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve Options: -w Allow upload -v Log to stderr -S Log to syslog -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts DIR Change root to this directory ftpget ftpget [ OPTIONS ] HOST LOCALFILE REMOTEFILE Retrieve a remote file via FTP

Options:

-c,–continue Continue previous transfer -v,–verbose Verbose -u,–username Username -p,–password Password -P,–port Port number ftpput ftpput [ OPTIONS ] HOST REMOTEFILE LOCALFILE Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP

Options:

-v,–verbose Verbose -u,–username Username -p,–password Password -P,–port Port number fuser fuser [ OPTIONS ] FILE or PORT/PROTO Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs

Options:

-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs -4 Search only IPv4 space -6 Search only IPv6 space -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs) -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM) getopt getopt [ OPTIONS ] Parse options

-a,–alternative Allow long options starting with single - -l,–longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized -n,–name=progname The name under which errors are reported -o,–options=optstring Short options to be recognized -q,–quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -Q,–quiet-output No normal output -s,–shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions -T,–test Test for getopt(1) version -u,–unquoted Don't quote the output getty getty [ OPTIONS ] BAUD_RATE TTY [ TERMTYPE ] Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login

Options:

-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control -i Do not display /etc/issue before running login -L Local line, do not do carrier detect -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -n Do not prompt the user for a login name -f issuefile Display issuefile instead of /etc/issue -l loginapp Invoke loginapp instead of /bin/login -t timeout Terminate after timeout if no username is read -I initstring Init string to send before anything else -H loginhost Log loginhost into the utmp file as the hostname grep grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [ FILE ]… Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input

Options:

-H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output -r Recurse subdirectories -i Ignore case distinctions -l List names of files that match -L List names of files that do not match -n Print line number with output lines -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise -v Select non-matching lines -s Suppress file open/read error messages -c Only print count of matching lines -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN -m MAX Match up to MAX times per file -w Match whole words only -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression -e PTRN Pattern to match -f FILE Read pattern from file -A Print NUM lines of trailing context -B Print NUM lines of leading context -C Print NUM lines of output context -z Input is NUL terminated gunzip gunzip [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)

Options:

-c Write to standard output -f Force -t Test file integrity gzip gzip [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Compress FILEs (or standard input)

Options:

-c Write to standard output -d Decompress -f Force halt halt [-d delay] [-n] [-f] [-w] Halt the system

Options:

-d Delay interval for halting -n No call to sync() -f Force halt (don't go through init) -w Only write a wtmp record hd hd FILE …

hd is an alias for hexdump -C hdparm hdparm [ OPTIONS ] [ DEVICE ] Options:

-a Get/set fs readahead -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting -C Check IDE power mode status -d Get/set usingdma flag -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit -g Display drive geometry -h Display terse usage information -i Display drive identification -I Detailed/current information directly from drive -k Get/set keepsettingsoverreset flag (0/1) -K Set drive keepfeaturesover_reset flag (0/1) -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m Get/set multiple sector count -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,…) -P Set drive prefetch count -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -S Set standby (spindown) timeout -t Perform device read timings -T Perform cache read timings -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives -V Display program version and exit immediately -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) -y Put IDE drive in standby mode -Y Put IDE drive to sleep -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode -z Re-read partition table head head [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE , precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE , or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 -c NUM Output the first NUM bytes -q Never output headers giving file names -v Always output headers giving file names hexdump hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE … Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format

Options:

-b One-byte octal display -c One-byte character display -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line -d Two-byte decimal display -e FORMAT STRING -f FORMAT FILE -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input -o Two-byte octal display -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes -v Display all input data -x Two-byte hexadecimal display -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv' hostid hostid Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine

hostname hostname [ OPTIONS ] [ HOSTNAME | -F FILE ] Get or set hostname or DNS domain name

Options:

-s Short -i Addresses for the hostname -d DNS domain name -f Fully qualified domain name -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname httpd httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE ] [-p [ IP: ]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM ] [-h HOME ] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING Listen for incoming HTTP requests

Options:

-i Inetd mode -f Do not daemonize -v[v] Verbose -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf) -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80) -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -h HOME Home directory (default .) -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING -e STRING HTML encode STRING -d STRING URL decode STRING hwclock hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE ] Query and set hardware clock ( RTC )

Options:

-r Show hardware clock time -s Set system time from hardware clock -w Set hardware clock to system time -u Hardware clock is in UTC -l Hardware clock is in local time -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) id id [ OPTIONS ] [ USER ]

Print information about USER or the current user Options:

-u Print user ID -g Print group ID -G Print supplementary group IDs -n Print name instead of a number -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID ifconfig ifconfig [-a] interface [address] Configure a network interface

Options:

[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] -]broadcast [ADDRESS [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] down] ... ifdown ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces... Options: -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration ifenslave ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...> Configure network interfaces for parallel routing Options: -c, --change-active Change active slave -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet ifplugd ifplugd [ OPTIONS ] Network interface plug detection daemon. Options: -n Do not daemonize -s Do not log to syslog -i IFACE Interface -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up (otherwise exit on error) -a Do not up interface automatically -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface (otherwise it must exist) -r PROG Script to run -x ARG Extra argument for script -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script -p Don't run script on daemon startup -q Don't run script on daemon quit -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected -t SECS Poll time in seconds -u SECS Delay before running script after link up -d SECS Delay after link down -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto) -k Kill running daemon ifup ifup [-ainmvf] ifaces... Options: -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration inetd inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [ CONFFILE ] Listen for network connections and launch programs Options: -f Run in foreground -e Log to stderr -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) -R N Pause services after N connects/min (default: 0 - disabled) init init Init is the parent of all processes insmod insmod [ OPTIONS ] MODULE [symbol=value]... Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel Options: -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version -k Make module autoclean-able -v Verbose -q Quiet -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module -m Output load map to stdout -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME -x Do not export externs install install [-cdDsp] [-o USER ] [-g GRP ] [-m MODE ] [source] dest|directory Copy files and set attributes Options: -c Just copy (default) -d Create directories -D Create leading target directories -s Strip symbol table -p Preserve date -o USER Set ownership -g GRP Set group ownership -m MODE Set permissions ionice ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID ] [ PROG ] Change I/O scheduling class and priority Options: -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle -n Priority ip ip [ OPTIONS ] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} { COMMAND } ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND } where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] } ipaddr ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [dev STRING ] [to PREFIX ] } ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev STRING ] [scope SCOPE-ID ] [to PREFIX ] [label PATTERN ] IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR ] [anycast ADDR ] [label STRING ] [scope SCOPE-ID ] SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER ] ipcalc ipcalc [ OPTIONS ] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [ NETMASK ] Calculate IP network settings from a IP address Options: -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address -n,--network Display calculated network address -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages ipcrm ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id] Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value. Options: -mM Remove memory segment after last detach -qQ Remove message queue -sS Remove semaphore ipcs ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu

1. i Show specific resource

Resource specification:

    -m      Shared memory segments
    -q      Message queues
    -s      Semaphore arrays
    -a      All (default)

Output format:

    -t      Time
    -c      Creator
    -p      Pid
    -l      Limits
    -u      Summary

iplink iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [ DEVICE ] } iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } | dynamic { on | off } |

mtu MTU } iplink show [ DEVICE ]

iproute iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append |

replace | monitor } ROUTE } iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS iif STRING ]

[oif STRING ] [tos TOS ] iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE

SELECTOR := [root PREFIX ] [match PREFIX ] [proto RTPROTO ]

ROUTE := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [tos TOS ] [proto RTPROTO ]

[metric METRIC ]

iprule iprule {[list | add | del] RULE } iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION SELECTOR := [from PREFIX ] [to PREFIX ] [tos TOS ] [fwmark FWMARK ]

[dev STRING ] [pref NUMBER ]

ACTION := [table TABLE_ID ] [nat ADDRESS ]

[prohibit | reject | unreachable]

[realms [ SRCREALM/ ]DSTREALM]

TABLE_ID := [local | main | default | NUMBER ]

iptunnel iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [ NAME ]

[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR ] [local ADDR ] [ttl TTL ]

iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [ NAME ]

[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR ] [local ADDR ]

o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY ] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL ] [tos TOS ] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV ] kbd_mode kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY ] Report or set the keyboard mode Options set mode: -a Default (ASCII) -k Medium-raw (keyboard) -s Raw (scancode) -u Unicode (utf-8) -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty kill kill [-l] [-SIG] PID ... Send a signal (default is TERM ) to given PIDs Options: -l List all signal names and numbers killall killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name... Send a signal (default is TERM ) to given processes Options: -l List all signal names and numbers -q Do not complain if no processes were killed killall5 killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID ]... Send a signal (default is TERM ) to all processes outside current session Options: -l List all signal names and numbers -o PID Do not signal this PID klogd klogd [-c N] [-n] Kernel logger Options: -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console -n Run in foreground last last [-HW] [-f file] Show listing of the last users that logged into the system Options: -W Display with no host column truncation -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp length length STRING Print STRING 's length less less [-EMNmh~I?] [ FILE ]... View a file or list of files. The position within files can be changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways. Options: -E Quit once the end of a file is reached -M,-m Display a status line containing the line numbers and percentage through the file -N Prefix line numbers to each line -I Ignore case in all searches -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file ln ln [ OPTIONS ] TARGET ... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET . Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. Options: -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks -f Remove existing destination files -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files loadfont loadfont < font Load a console font from standard input loadkmap loadkmap < keymap Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input logger logger [ OPTIONS ] [ MESSAGE ] Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin. Options: -s Log to stderr as well as the system log -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair) login login [-p] [-h HOST ] [[-f] USER ] Begin a new session on the system Options: -f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated) -h Name of the remote host -p Preserve environment logname logname Print the name of the current user logread logread [ OPTIONS ] Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer Options: -f Output data as log grows losetup losetup [-o OFS ] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show Options: -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE -f Show first free loop device lpd lpd SPOOLDIR [ HELPER [ ARGS

SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example: tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print lpq lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME ] [-d JOBID ...] [-fs]

Options: -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -d Delete jobs -f Force any waiting job to be printed -s Short display lpr lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [ FILE ]…

Options: -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -m Send mail on completion -h Print banner page too -V Verbose ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [ FILE ]…

List directory contents Options:

-1 List in a single column -A Don't list . and .. -a Don't hide entries starting with . -C List by columns -c With -l: sort by ctime –color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring -d List directory entries instead of contents -e List full date and time -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries -i List inode numbers -l Long listing format -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries -L List entries pointed to by symlinks -R List subdirectories recursively -r Sort in reverse order -S Sort by file size -s List the size of each file, in blocks -T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns -t With -l: sort by modification time -u With -l: sort by access time -v Sort by version -w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide -x List by lines -X Sort by extension -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G) lsattr lsattr [-Radlv] [ FILE ]… List file attributes on an ext2 fs

Options:

-R Recursively list subdirectories -a Do not hide entries starting with . -d List directory entries instead of contents -l List long flag names -v List the file's version/generation number lsmod lsmod List the currently loaded kernel modules

lzmacat lzmacat FILE Uncompress to stdout

makedevs makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of:

<type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f

Regular file

d

Directory

c

Character device

b

Block device

p

Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.

makemime makemime [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs.

Options:

-o FILE Output. Default: stdout -a HDR Add header. Examples:

      "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`"

-c CT Content type. Default: text/plain -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii Other options are silently ignored man man [ OPTIONS ] [ MANPAGE ]…

Format and display manual page Options:

-a Display all pages -w Show page locations md5sum md5sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… or: md5sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ] Print or check MD5 checksums

Options:

-c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines mdev mdev [-s] -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG] mesg mesg [y|n] Control write access to your terminal y

Allow write access to your terminal

n

Disallow write access to your terminal

microcom microcom [-d DELAY ] [-t TIMEOUT ] [-s SPEED ] [-X] TTY Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout

Options:

-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every

      next byte to it

-t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -s Set serial line to SPEED -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin mkdir mkdir [ OPTIONS ] DIRECTORY … Create DIRECTORY

Options:

-m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask -p No error if existing, make parent directories as needed mkdosfs mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL ] FILEORDEVICE [ SIZEINKB ] Make a FAT32 filesystem

Options:

-v Verbose -n LBL Volume label mkfifo mkfifo [ OPTIONS ] name Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

Options:

-m MODE Mode (default a=rw) mkfs.minix mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks] Make a MINIX filesystem

Options:

-c Check device for bad blocks -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME -v Make version 2 filesystem mkfs.vfat mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL ] FILEORDEVICE [ SIZEINKB ] Make a FAT32 filesystem

Options:

-v Verbose -n LBL Volume label mknod mknod [ OPTIONS ] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

Options:

    -m      Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

TYPEs include:

    b:      Make a block device
    c or u: Make a character device
    p:      Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)

mkpasswd mkpasswd [ OPTIONS ] [ PASSWORD ] [ SALT ] Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

Options:

-P,–password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -m,–method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -S,–salt=SALT mkswap mkswap DEVICE Prepare block device to be used as swap partition

mktemp mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR ] [ TEMPLATE ] Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).

Options:

-d Make a directory instead of a file -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t) For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR , else /tmp modprobe modprobe [-knqrsv] MODULE [symbol=value…] Options:

-k Make module autoclean-able -n Dry run -q Quiet -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean -s Report via syslog instead of stderr -v Verbose -b Apply blacklist to module names too more more [ FILE ]… View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time

mount mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o OPT ,OPT] Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc be mounted.

Options:

    -a              Mount all filesystems in fstab
    -f              Dry run
    -r              Read-only mount
    -w              Read-write mount (default)
    -t FSTYPE       Filesystem type
    -O OPT          Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)

-o OPT:

      loop            Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
      [a]sync         Writes are [a]synchronous
      [no]atime       Disable/enable updates to inode access times
      [no]diratime    Disable/enable atime updates to directories
      [no]relatime    Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
      [no]dev         (Dis)allow use of special device files
      [no]exec        (Dis)allow use of executable files
      [no]suid        (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
      [r]shared       Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
      [r]slave        Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
      [r]private      Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
      [un]bindable    Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
      bind            Bind a directory to an additional location
      move            Relocate an existing mount point
      remount         Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags
      ro/rw           Read-only/read-write mount

There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems mountpoint mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE > Check if the directory is a mountpoint

Options:

-q Quiet -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem -n Print device name of the filesystem -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice mt mt [-f device] opcode value

Control magnetic tape drive operation Available Opcodes:

bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset

mv mv [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE DEST or: mv [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE … DIRECTORY

Rename SOURCE to DEST , or move SOURCE (s) to DIRECTORY Options:

-f Don't prompt before overwriting -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite nameif nameif [-s] [-c FILE ] [{ IFNAME MACADDR }] Rename network interface while it in the down state

Options:

-c FILE Use configuration file (default is /etc/mactab) -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) IFNAME MACADDR newinterfacename interfacemacaddress nc nc [ OPTIONS ] HOST PORT - connect nc [ OPTIONS ] -l -p PORT [ HOST ] [ PORT ] - listen

Options: -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) -l Listen mode, for inbound connects -n Don't do DNS resolution -s ADDR Local address -p PORT Local port -u UDP mode -v Verbose -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent -o FILE Hex dump traffic -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning) netstat netstat [-laentuwxrWp] Display networking information

Options:

-l Display listening server sockets -a Display all sockets (default: connected) -e Display other/more information -n Don't resolve names -t Tcp sockets -u Udp sockets -w Raw sockets -x Unix sockets -r Display routing table -W Display with no column truncation -p Display PID/Program name for sockets nice nice [-n ADJUST ] [ PROG [ ARGS ]] Run PROG with modified scheduling priority

Options:

-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST nmeter nmeter format_string Monitor system in real time

Format specifiers:

%Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10

             (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)

%[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface' %m Monitor allocated memory %[mf] Monitor free memory %[mt] Monitor total memory %s Monitor allocated swap %f Monitor number of used file descriptors %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate %x Monitor context switch rate %p Monitor forks %[pn] Monitor # of processes %b Monitor block io %Nt Show time (with N decimal points) %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL nohup nohup PROG [ ARGS ] Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

nslookup nslookup [ HOST ] [ SERVER ] Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server

od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE ] [ FILE ]

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read standard input. openvt openvt [-c N] [-sw] [ PROG [ ARGS ]] Start PROG on a new virtual terminal

Options:

-c N Use specified VT -s Switch to the VT -w Wait for PROG to exit passwd passwd [ OPTIONS ] [ USER ] Change USER 's password. If no USER is specified, changes the password for the current user.

Options:

-a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5) -d Delete password for the account -l Lock (disable) account -u Unlock (re-enable) account patch patch [-p NUM ] [-i DIFF ] [-R] [-N] -p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin -R Reverse patch -N Ignore already applied patches pgrep pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

Options:

-l Show command name too -f Match against entire command line -n Show the newest process only -o Show the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process ID pidof pidof [ OPTIONS ] [ NAME ...] List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

Options:

-s Show only one PID -o PID Omit given pid

      Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

ping ping [ OPTIONS ] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

Options:

-4, -6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)

              (after all -c CNT packets are sent)

-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)

              (can exit earlier with -c CNT)

-q Quiet, only displays output at start

              and when finished

ping6 ping6 [ OPTIONS ] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

Options:

-c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -q Quiet, only displays output at start

              and when finished

pivotroot pivotroot NEWROOT PUTOLD Move the current root file system to PUTOLD and make NEWROOT the new root file system

pkill pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

Options:

-l List all signals -f Match against entire command line -n Signal the newest process only -o Signal the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process ID popmaildir popmaildir [ OPTIONS ] Maildir [connection-helper …] Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir

Options:

-b Binary mode. Ignored -d Debug. Ignored -m Show used memory. Ignored -V Show version. Ignored -c Use tcpclient. Ignored -a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP → use it -s Skip authorization -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR -k Keep retrieved messages on the server -t timeout Set network timeout -F “program arg1 arg2 …”

  Filter by program. May be multiple

-M “program arg1 arg2 …”

  Deliver by program

-R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored -Z N1-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored -L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored -H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored poweroff poweroff [-d delay] [-n] [-f] Halt and shut off power

Options:

-d Delay interval for halting -n No call to sync() -f Force power off (don't go through init) printenv printenv [ VARIABLES …] Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all.

printf printf FORMAT [ ARGUMENT …] Format and print ARGUMENT (s) according to FORMAT , where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf

ps ps

Report process status Options:

-o col1,col2=header Select columns for display pscan pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT ] [-P MAX_PORT ] [-t TIMEOUT ] [-T MIN_RTT ] HOST Scan a host, print all open ports

Options:

-c Show closed ports too -b Show blocked ports too -p Scan from this port (default 1) -P Scan up to this port (default 1024) -t Timeout (default 5000 ms) -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts) pwd pwd

Print the full filename of the current working directory raidautorun raidautorun DEVICE Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays

rdate rdate [-sp] HOST Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST

Options:

-s Set the system date and time (default) -p Print the date and time rdev rdev Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'

readahead readahead [ FILE ]… Preload FILE (s) in RAM cache so that subsequent reads for thosefiles do not block on disk I/O

readlink readlink [-fnv] FILE Display the value of a symlink

Options:

-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks -n Don't add newline -v Verbose readprofile readprofile [ OPTIONS ] Options:

-m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) -p profile (Default: /proc/profile) -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult -i Print only info about the sampling step -v Verbose -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 -b Print individual histogram-bin counts -s Print individual counters within functions -r Reset all the counters (root only) -n Disable byte order auto-detection realpath realpath pathname… Return the absolute pathnames of given argument

reboot reboot [-d delay] [-n] [-f] Reboot the system

Options:

-d Delay interval for rebooting -n No call to sync() -f Force reboot (don't go through init) reformime reformime [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]… Parse MIME-encoded message

Options:

-x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog.

              Must be the last option

Other options are silently ignored. renice renice {{-n INCREMENT } | PRIORITY } [[-p | -g | -u] ID ...] Change priority of running processes Options: -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) -p Process id(s) (default) -g Process group id(s) -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s) reset reset Reset the screen resize resize Resize the screen rm rm [ OPTIONS ] FILE ... Remove (unlink) the FILE (s). Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. Options: -i Always prompt before removing -f Never prompt -r,-R Remove directories recursively rmdir rmdir [ OPTIONS ] DIRECTORY ... Remove the DIRECTORY , if it is empty. Options: -p|--parents Include parents -ignore-fail-on-non-empty rmmod rmmod [ OPTIONS ] [ MODULE ]... Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel Options: -w Wait until the module is no longer used -f Force unloading -a Remove all unused modules (recursively) route route [{add|del|delete}] Edit kernel routing tables Options: -n Don't resolve names -e Display other/more information -A inet{6} Select address family rpm rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm Manipulate RPM packages Options: -i Install package -q Query package -p Query uninstalled package -i Show information -l List contents -d List documents -c List config files rpm2cpio rpm2cpio package.rpm Output a cpio archive of the rpm file rtcwake rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV ] [-m MODE ] [-s SEC | -t TIME ] Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime -l,--local Clock is set to local time -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch run-parts run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG ] [-u MASK ] DIRECTORY Run a bunch of scripts in a directory Options: -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable runlevel runlevel [utmp] Find the current and previous system runlevel. If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print "unknown" runsv runsv dir Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service runsvdir runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT ] dir Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. -P Put each runsv in a new session -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed rx rx FILE Receive a file using the xmodem protocol script script [-afqt] [-c PROG ] [ OUTFILE ] Options: -a Append output -c Run PROG, not shell -f Flush output after each write -q Quiet -t Send timing to stderr scriptreplay scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]] Play back typescripts, using timing information sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [ FILE ]... Options: -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed -i Edit files in-place -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space -r Use extended regex syntax If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files will not be modified unless -i option is given. sendmail sendmail [ OPTIONS ] [ RECIPIENT_EMAIL ]... Read email from stdin and send it Standard options: -t Read additional recipients from message body -f sender Sender (required) -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored Busybox specific options: -w seconds Network timeout -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper Examples: -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] -S server[:port] Server -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime applet to create message with attachments seq seq [-w] [-s SEP ] [ FIRST [ INC ]] LAST Print numbers from FIRST to LAST , in steps of INC . FIRST , INC default to 1 Options: -w Pad to last with leading zeros -s SEP String separator setarch setarch personality program [args...] Personality may be: linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation setconsole setconsole [-r|--reset] [ DEVICE ] Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty) Options: -r Reset output to /dev/console setfont setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE ] [-C TTY ] Load a console font Options: -m MAPFILE Load console screen map -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty setkeycodes setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal setlogcons setlogcons N Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current) setsid setsid PROG [ ARG ...] Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See setsid(2) for details. setuidgid setuidgid account prog args Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary groups and run PROG sha1sum sha1sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha1sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ] Print or check SHA1 checksums. Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines sha256sum sha256sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha256sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ] Print or check SHA1 checksums. Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines sha512sum sha512sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha512sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ] Print or check SHA1 checksums. Options: -c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines showkey showkey [-a | -k | -s] Show keys pressed Options: -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) -s Display raw scan-codes slattach slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED ] [-p PROTOCOL ] DEVICE Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s) Options: -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) -s SPD Set line speed -e Exit after initializing device -h Exit when the carrier is lost -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode -L Enable 3-wire operation -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control sleep sleep [N]... Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays softlimit softlimit [-a BYTES ] [-m BYTES ] [-d BYTES ] [-s BYTES ] [-l BYTES ] [-f BYTES ] [-c BYTES ] [-r BYTES ] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS Set soft resource limits, then run PROG Options: -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -s BYTES Limit stack segment -l BYTES Limit locked memory size -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid Options controlling file sizes: -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size Efficiency opts: -r BYTES Limit resident set size -t N Limit CPU time, process receives a SIGXCPU after N seconds sort sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE ] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR ] [ FILE ]... Sort lines of text Options: -b Ignore leading blanks -c Check whether input is sorted -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) -f Ignore case -g General numerical sort -i Ignore unprintable characters -k Sort key -M Sort month -n Sort numbers -o Output to file -k Sort by key -t CHAR Key separator -r Reverse sort order -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) -u Suppress duplicate lines -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility split split [ OPTIONS ] [ INPUT [ PREFIX ]] Options: -b n[k|m] Split by bytes -l n Split by lines -a n Use n letters as suffix start-stop-daemon start-stop-daemon [ OPTIONS ] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...] Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found. Process matching: -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME in comm field in /proc/PID/stat -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command in /proc/PID/cmdline -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file All specified conditions must match -S only: -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument -b,--background Background -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p -K only: -s,--signal SIG Signal to send -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found Other: -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -v,--verbose Verbose -q,--quiet Quiet stat stat [ OPTIONS ] FILE ... Display file (default) or filesystem status Options: -c fmt Use the specified format -f Display filesystem status -L Dereference links -t Display info in terse form Valid format sequences for files: %a Access rights in octal %A Access rights in human readable form %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b %d Device number in decimal %D Device number in hex %f Raw mode in hex %F File type %g Group ID of owner %G Group name of owner %h Number of hard links %i Inode number %n File name %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink %o I/O block size %s Total size, in bytes %t Major device type in hex %T Minor device type in hex %u User ID of owner %U User name of owner %x Time of last access %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch %y Time of last modification %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch %z Time of last change %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch Valid format sequences for file systems: %a Free blocks available to non-superuser %b Total data blocks in file system %c Total file nodes in file system %d Free file nodes in file system %f Free blocks in file system %i File System ID in hex %l Maximum length of filenames %n File name %s Block size (for faster transfer) %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) %t Type in hex %T Type in human readable form strings strings [-afo] [-n LEN ] [ FILE ]... Display printable strings in a binary file Options: -a Scan whole file (default) -f Precede strings with filenames -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) -o Precede strings with decimal offsets stty stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE ] [ SETTING ]... Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane Options: -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin -a Print all current settings in human-readable form -g Print in stty-readable form [SETTING] See manpage su su [ OPTIONS ] [-] [username] Change user id or become root Options: -p, -m Preserve environment -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell sulogin sulogin [ OPTIONS ] [ TTY ] Single user login Options: -t N Timeout sum sum [-rs] [ FILE ]... Checksum and count the blocks in a file Options: -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks) sv sv [-v] [-w sec] command service... Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first character is enough): status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP , CONT , HUP , ALRM , INT , QUIT , USR1 , USR2 , TERM , KILL signal to service svlogd svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir... Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically rotated logs swapoff swapoff [-a] [ DEVICE ] Stop swapping on DEVICE Options: -a Stop swapping on all swap devices swapon swapon [-a] [-p pri] [ DEVICE ] Start swapping on DEVICE Options: -a Start swapping on all swap devices -p pri Set swap device priority switch_root switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ ARGS ] Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: chroot to NEW_ROOT , delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT . PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. Options: -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch sync sync Write all buffered blocks to disk sysctl sysctl [ OPTIONS ] [ VALUE ]... Configure kernel parameters at runtime Options: -n Don't print key names -e Don't warn about unknown keys -w Change sysctl setting -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) -a Display all values -A Display all values in table form syslogd syslogd [ OPTIONS ] System logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. Options: -n Run in foreground -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) -l n Set local log level -S Smaller logging output -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off) -b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) -D Drop duplicates -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread) tac tac [ FILE ]... Concatenate FILE (s) and print them in reverse tail tail [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE , precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE , or when FILE is -, read standard input. Options: -c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10 -f Output data as the file grows -q Never output headers giving file names -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f -v Always output headers giving file names If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2). tar tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE ] [-f TARFILE ] [-C DIR ] [ FILE (s)]... Create, extract, or list files from a tar file Options: c Create x Extract t List Archive format selection: z Filter the archive through gzip j Filter the archive through bzip2 a Filter the archive through lzma Z Filter the archive through compress File selection: f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin O Extract to stdout exclude File to exclude X File with names to exclude C Change to directory DIR before operation v Verbose tcpsvd tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER ] [-l NAME ] IP PORT PROG Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection. IP IP to listen on. '0' = all PORT Port to listen on PROG [ARGS] Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP New connections from this IP address are closed immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close -h Look up peer's hostname -E Do not set up environment variables -v Verbose tee tee [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... Copy standard input to each FILE , and also to standard output Options: -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) telnet telnet [-a] [-l USER ] HOST [ PORT ] Connect to telnet server Options: -a Automatic login with $USER variable -l USER Automatic login as USER telnetd telnetd [ OPTIONS ] Handle incoming telnet connections Options: -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue -K Close connection as soon as login exits (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) -p PORT Port to listen on -b ADDR Address to bind to -F Run in foreground -i Run as inetd subservice test test EXPRESSION ] Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code depending on logical value of EXPRESSION tftp tftp [ OPTIONS ] HOST [ PORT ] Transfer a file from/to tftp server Options: -l FILE Local FILE -r FILE Remote FILE -g Get file -p Put file -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets tftpd tftpd [-cr] [-u USER ] [ DIR ] Transfer a file on tftp client's request. tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd: udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve Options: -r Prohibit upload -c Allow file creation via upload -u Access files as USER time time [ OPTIONS ] PROG [ ARGS ] Run PROG . When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed. Options: -v Verbose timeout timeout [-t SECS ] [-s SIG ] PROG [ ARGS ] Runs PROG . Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM . top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen. touch touch [-c] [-d DATE ] FILE [ FILE ]... Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s] Options: -c Do not create files -d DT Date/time to use tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [ STRING2 ] Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output Options: -c Take complement of STRING1 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character traceroute traceroute [-FIldnrv] [-f 1st_ttl] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-z pausemsecs] HOST [data size] Trace the route to HOST Options: -F Set the don't fragment bit -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host -v Verbose -m max_ttl Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p port# Base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434) -q nqueries Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3) -s src_addr IP address to use as the source address -t tos Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3 sec) -g Loose source route gateway (8 max) true true Return an exit code of TRUE (0) tty tty Print file name of standard input's terminal Options: -s Print nothing, only return exit status ttysize ttysize [w] [h] Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25 tunctl tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b] Create or delete tun interfaces Options: -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun) -t name Create iface 'name' -d name Delete iface 'name' -u owner Set iface owner -g group Set iface group -b Brief output udhcpc udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID ] [-V VCLS ] [-H HOSTNAME ] [-i INTERFACE ] [-p pidfile] [-r IP ] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N] -V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier -p,--pidfile=file Create pidfile -r,--request=IP IP address to request -s,--script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -t,--retries=N Send up to N request packets -T,--timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3) -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given) -f,--foreground Run in foreground -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained -S,--syslog Log to syslog too -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease -R,--release Release IP on quit -P,--client-port N Use port N instead of default 68 -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address udhcpd udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile] DHCP server -f Run in foreground -S Log to syslog too -P N Use port N instead of default 67 udpsvd udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER ] [-l NAME ] IP PORT PROG Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it. IP IP to listen on. '0' = all PORT Port to listen on PROG [ARGS] Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -h Look up peer's hostname -E Do not set up environment variables -v Verbose umount umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY Unmount file systems Options: -a Unmount all file systems -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) -d Free loop device if it has been used uname uname [-amnrspv] Print system information. Options: -a Print all -m The machine (hardware) type -n Hostname -r OS release -s OS name (default) -p Processor type -v OS version uncompress uncompress [-c] [-f] [name...] Uncompress .Z file[s] Options: -c Extract to stdout -f Overwrite an existing file unexpand unexpand [-f][-a][-t NUM ] [FILE|-] Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output. Options: -a,--all Convert all blanks -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars uniq uniq [-fscduw]... [ INPUT [ OUTPUT ]] Discard duplicate lines Options: -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d Only print duplicate lines -u Only print unique lines -f N Skip first N fields -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) -w N Compare N characters in line unix2dos unix2dos [ OPTION ] [ FILE ] Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. Options: -u dos2unix -d unix2dos unlzma unlzma [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... Uncompress FILE (or stdin) Options: -c Write to stdout -f Force unxz unxz [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ] Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted) Options: -c Write to standard output -f Force unzip unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir] Extract files from ZIP archives Options: -l List archive contents (with -q for short form) -n Never overwrite existing files (default) -o Overwrite files without prompting -p Send output to stdout -q Quiet -x Exclude these files -d Extract files into this directory uptime uptime Display the time since the last boot usleep usleep N Pause for N microseconds uudecode uudecode [-o outfile] [infile] Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given uuencode uuencode [-m] [infile] stored_filename Uuencode a file to stdout Options: -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 vconfig vconfig COMMAND [ OPTIONS ] Create and remove virtual ethernet devices Options: add [interface-name] [vlan_id] rem [vlan-name] set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1] set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_name_type [name-type] vi vi [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... Edit FILE Options: -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) -R Read-only - do not write to the file -H Short help regarding available features vlock vlock [ OPTIONS ] Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. Options: -a Lock all VTs volname volname [ DEVICE ] Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom) watch watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ ARGS ] Run PROG periodically Options: -n Loop period in seconds (default 2) -t Don't print header watchdog watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV Periodically write to watchdog device DEV Options: -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) -F Run in foreground Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds wc wc [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE , and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE , read standard input. Options: -c Print the byte counts -l Print the newline counts -L Print the length of the longest line -w Print the word counts wget wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document file] [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR ] [-U|--user-agent agent] url Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP Options: -s Spider mode - only check file existence -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer -q Quiet -P Set directory prefix to DIR -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout) -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off') which which [ COMMAND ]... Locate a COMMAND who who [-a] Show who is logged on Options: -a show all whoami whoami Print the user name associated with the current effective user id xargs xargs [ OPTIONS ] [ PROG [ ARGS ]] Run PROG on every item given by standard input Options: -p Ask user whether to run each command -r Do not run command if input is empty -0 Input is separated by NUL characters -t Print the command on stderr before execution -e[STR] STR stops input processing -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes -x Exit if size is exceeded xzcat xzcat FILE Uncompress to stdout yes yes [ OPTIONS ] [ STRING ] Repeatedly output a line with STRING , or 'y' zcat zcat FILE Uncompress to stdout zcip zcip [ OPTIONS ] IFACE SCRIPT Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address Options: -f Run in foreground -q Quit after obtaining address -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first -v Verbose With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc) Libc Nss GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch ( NSS ) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS . Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS . If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP , BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS . This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries. Maintainer Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> Authors The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorect, please send in an update. Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> run-parts Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that nobody is going to actually read. Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk> rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com> ftpput, ftpget Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> expr, hostid, logname, whoami John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org> du, nslookup, sort Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> tiny-ls(ls) Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> fbset, ping, hostname Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> ipcalc Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se> tftp client insmod powerpc support Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org> httpd Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com> Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, logread), various fixes. Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> mktemp.c Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu> documentation, bugfixes, test suite Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net> ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> tr Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au> Common unarchving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org> cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; locale, various fixes and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can still be found hiding here and there... Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> bug fixes, member of fan club Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com> reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> Lots of bugs fixes and patches. Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> Remote logging feature for syslogd Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org> grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> gzip, mini-netcat(nc) Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it> devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.